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Cell (biology)
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Not to be confused with Cell biology.
Cell
Wilson1900Fig2.jpg
Onion (Allium cepa) root cells in different phases of the cell cycle (drawn by E. B. Wilson, 1900)
Celltypes.svg
A eukaryotic cell (left) and prokaryotic cell (right)
Identifiers
MeSH D002477
TH H1.00.01.0.00001
FMA 686465
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The cell (from Latin word 'cellula' meaning "small room"[1]) is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Every cell consists of a cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane, which contains many biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids.[2][reply]
Most plant and animal cells are only visible under a light microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometres.[3] Electron microscopy gives a much higher resolution showing greatly detailed cell structure. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell such as bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals).[4] Most unicellular organisms are classed as microorganisms. The number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species; it has been approximated that the human body contains roughly 40 trillion (4×1013) cells.[a][5] The brain accounts for around 80 billion of these cells.[6]
Cell biology is the study of cells, which were discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, who named them for their resemblance to cells inhabited by Christian monks in a monastery.[7][8] Cell theory, first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.[9] Cells emerged on Earth about 4 billion years ago.[10][11][12][13] — Preceding unsigned comment added by Poornima B 12 (talk • contribs) 09:37, 9 February 2022 (UTC)[reply]
level-3 vital article is rated B-class on Wikipedia's content assessment scale.
This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between 22 January 2019 and 24 May 2019. Further details are available on the course page. Student editor(s): Billyroberson.